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无船承运人编号:MOC-NV06770

27%船上事故由货物错误申报造成


Aug 29 2016

导读:2013-2014年货物事件通知系统(CINS)所获数据表明,就检测的因果关系而言,27%事件发生可归咎于货物错误申报,其仅次于包装不良。

  英国保赔协会(UK P&I Club Risk Assessor)风险评估师David Nichol日前指出, 2013-2014年货物事件通知系统(CINS)所获数据表明,就检测的因果关系而言,27%事件发生可归咎于货物错误申报,其仅次于包装不良。

  所有危险品必须按照国际海运危险货物规则(IMDG)载运,这是一套全球接受的法规,其使包装危险货物能够在海上安全载运。因集装箱货物中约10%为危险物品,几乎所有集装箱船运输服务属于该规则监控范围之内。

  船舶和船员当务之急是采取一切必要举措,以减少紧急事件发生来操作和积载危险货物,并在发生火灾时船员凭借掌握的信息用适当的消防措施迅速作出反应。为实现这一目标,必须向船长提供正确、普遍认可的货物说明资料及其可能存在的潜在危害。

  以下因素会单独或综合引起事故:托运人错误申报或未申报;包装的质量和选择;有关文件和标志条款及准确性;集装箱装箱程序的专业技能;人的因素――有关好做法和遵法的区域、文化和公司的态度;产品生产过程中未经检查的不法行为;集装箱错误操作或跌落。

  举个例子,次氯酸钙(calcium hypochlorite)是氧化剂,在IMDG中被指定为5.1类氧化剂。它在高温下经历放热分解,可导致严重火灾和爆炸。曾遇到过次氯酸钙被错报为氯化钙和其他名称,包括B***末、漂****、CCH、消毒剂、Hy-chlor、氯化石灰或含氯石灰等。国际危规要求货物用其“正确运输名称”(Proper Shipping Name)申报,以避免错误申报问题。次氯酸钙是正确运输名称,因此只应用该名称连同合适的联合国编号运载。保赔协会国际集团(International Group of P&I Clubs)和CINS航运公司成员最近制作了一套集装箱装运次氯酸钙新指南。其希望这些新指南将就涉及货物危险、按IMDG规则分类、集装箱选择、集装箱装箱和船上积载等问题提供更清晰、更合乎逻辑的步骤指导。

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